Which type of rock is formed through cooling and solidification of magma or lava?

The correct answer is igneous rock, which is formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. This process can occur either beneath the Earth's surface, where magma cools slowly, resulting in coarse-grained rocks like granite, or above the surface during a volcanic eruption, where lava cools quickly to form fine-grained rocks like basalt.

Igneous rocks are classified into two main categories based on their formation location: intrusive (or plutonic) rocks, formed from magma that cools slowly underground, and extrusive (or volcanic) rocks, formed from lava that cools quickly on the earth’s surface.

In contrast, metamorphic rock is created through the alteration of existing rocks, either igneous, sedimentary, or even other metamorphic rocks, through heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids. Sedimentary rock forms from the accumulation and lithification of sediment, which can include fragments of other rocks, minerals, and organic materials, rather than from the cooling of magma or lava. While granite is indeed a type of igneous rock, it is a specific example rather than a category. Thus, recognizing igneous rock as the broader category that encompasses both granite and other types formed through the cooling of