Which rock type is typically formed through the lithification of sediments?

Sedimentary rock is formed through the lithification process, which involves the compaction and cementation of sediments. Sediments can consist of various materials, including minerals, organic matter, and fragments of other rocks, which accumulate over time in layers, often in environments like rivers, lakes, and oceans. As these layers build up, the weight of the overlying materials compresses the deeper sediments, and mineral-rich water may flow through the sediments, precipitating minerals that act as a cement, binding the particles together.

This process transforms loose sediments into solid rock, resulting in sedimentary rock formations. Examples of sedimentary rocks include sandstone, limestone, and shale, each characterized by their unique processes of formation and composition. Understanding this process is crucial in Earth science, as sedimentary rocks often contain fossils and provide valuable information about Earth's history and past environments.