Which of the following best describes igneous rocks?

Igneous rocks are best described as being formed by the cooling of magma. This process can occur either below the Earth's surface, where magma cools slowly, resulting in coarse-grained textures (like granite), or above the surface, after volcanic eruptions, where magma that has erupted becomes lava and cools quickly, yielding fine-grained textures (like basalt). The defining characteristic of igneous rocks is their origin from molten material, which differentiates them from sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, which have different formation processes involving sediment deposition and mineral transformation under heat and pressure. Typically, igneous rocks are classified further into two main types: intrusive (or plutonic) and extrusive (or volcanic), based on where the cooling takes place.