What type of rock formation occurs in the part of the rock cycle labeled as compaction and cementation?

The correct answer highlights the specific processes that lead to the formation of sedimentary rocks within the rock cycle. Compaction occurs when sediments accumulate and the weight of the overlying material compresses the sediments below, reducing their volume. Cementation follows, where minerals precipitate from groundwater and fill the spaces between the compressed sediments, effectively binding them together to form solid rock.

This understanding is crucial because both compaction and cementation are key transitional phases in the formation of sedimentary rocks. These processes transform loose sediments into lithified rock layers, which may contain fossils and other geological features that provide insight into Earth’s history.

In contrast, the other options pertain to different processes within the rock cycle. Melting refers to the conversion of solid rock into magma, which is a part of the igneous rock formation process. Cooling is relevant to the solidification of magma into igneous rock, and pressure and heat are associated with the formation of metamorphic rocks. Thus, the focus on compaction and cementation specifically points out the sedimentary rock formation process within the broader context of the rock cycle.