What type of metamorphism occurs due to heat and pressure from nearby magma?

Contact metamorphism occurs primarily when rocks are subjected to the intense heat and pressure from nearby molten magma or lava. In this process, the temperature surrounding the intruding magma increases, causing the surrounding rocks to metamorphose without the extensive deformation typically associated with other types of metamorphism. The result is often the formation of new minerals and textures in the affected rock, characteristic of the specific conditions created by the heat from the magma. This localized alteration can lead to the creation of valuable materials, such as marble from limestone or quartzite from sandstone, exemplifying how contact metamorphism distinctly transforms the original rock in proximity to the magma source.

Regional metamorphism, on the other hand, usually occurs over large areas under high pressure and temperature, often due to tectonic forces, and is associated with mountain-building processes rather than localized heat sources. Dynamic metamorphism tends to focus on mechanical deformation caused by some form of stress, rather than heat, while thermal metamorphism is similar to contact metamorphism but is generally understood to refer to the heat-induced changes that occur in a broader context without the explicit presence of magma.