What do we call the theory that explains the formation of the solar system?

The theory that explains the formation of the solar system is known as the Nebular Hypothesis. This hypothesis posits that the solar system formed from a rotating cloud of gas and dust, referred to as a solar nebula. Over time, this cloud contracted under the force of gravity, leading to the formation of the sun at its center while the surrounding material coalesced to form the planets, moons, asteroids, and other bodies within the solar system.

The Nebular Hypothesis is crucial because it accounts for the observed structure and composition of the solar system, including the arrangement of planets and their varied characteristics, such as terrestrial versus gas giant planets. This theory provides a coherent and systematic explanation for how the Earth's environment and other planetary bodies came into existence.

In contrast, other options such as the Big Bang Theory primarily explain the origins of the universe rather than specifically detailing how the solar system formed. Similarly, the Plate Tectonics Theory focuses on the movement of Earth's lithosphere and the geological processes involved, while the Evolution Theory pertains to biological changes in species over time and does not relate to planetary formation. Hence, the Nebular Hypothesis stands as the most accurate framework for understanding the beginnings of our solar system.