How can oil and natural gas be extracted from the earth?

Oil and natural gas are typically found deep beneath the Earth's surface, often in sedimentary rock formations. The extraction process involves drilling deep into the ground to reach these reservoirs. Specialized drilling equipment is used to create boreholes that penetrate through the rock layers. Once the drilling reaches the oil or gas deposits, various methods can be applied to bring these fossil fuels to the surface, such as natural pressure, pumping, or enhanced recovery techniques.

The other methods listed do not align with standard practices for extracting oil and natural gas. Volcanoes do not contain these resources, and drilling in volcanic regions is unlikely to yield oil or gas. Strip-mining is primarily used for minerals and coal rather than liquid fossil fuels or gas, and removing limestone deposits is unrelated to extracting oil and natural gas since limestone does not typically host these resources.